Academic Pediatrics
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 71-80 , March 2009

Translational Research and Pediatrics

  • Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH, Strong Memorial Hospital, Box 777, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642.

Received 2 September 2008 ,Accepted 5 November 2008.

References 

  1. Zerhouni E. Medicine: the NIH Roadmap. Science. 2003;302:63–72
  2. NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. National Institutes of Health. Available at: http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/clinicalresearch/. Accessed July 16, 2008.
  3. CTSA Clinical and Translational Science Awards. Available at: http://www.ctsaweb.org/. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  4. Medical research: saving lives through new cures and treatments. Association of American Medical Colleges Web site. Available at: http://www.aamc.org/research/ftp/ftpsavinglives.pdf. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  5. Institute of Medicine TNA. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. National Academy Press; 2001;
  6. Schroeder SA. Shattuck Lecture. We can do better—improving the health of the American people. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1221–1228
  7. The long-term outlook for health care spending. Congressional Budget Office Web site. November 2007. Available at: http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=8758. Accessed August 8, 2008.
  8. Etheredge LM. A rapid-learning health system. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26:w107–w118
  9. Jencks SF, Cuerdon T, Burwen DR, et al. Quality of medical care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries: a profile at state and national levels. JAMA. 2000;284:1670–1676
  10. McGlynn EA, Asch SM, Adams J, et al. The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2635–2645
  11. Rodwin VG. The health care system under French National Health Insurance: lessons for health reform in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:31–37
  12. Lord GM, Trembath RC. A strategy for translation. Lancet. 2007;369:1771–1773
  13. Murray C, Frenk J. World Health Report 2000: a step towards evidence-based health policy. Lancet. 2001;357:1698–1700
  14. Mathers CD, Vos ET, Stevenson CE, Begg SJ. The burden of disease and injury in Australia. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:1076–1084
  15. Mirror, mirror on the wall: an international update on the comparative performance of American healthcare. The Commonwealth Fund Web site. Available at: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/usr_doc/1027_Davis_mirror_mirror_international_update_final.pdf?section=4039. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  16. Measuring the health of nations: updating an earlier analysis. The Commonwealth Fund Web site. Available at: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications_show.htm?doc_id=640980. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  17. Bethell C, Reuland CH, Halfon N, Schor EL. Measuring the quality of preventive and developmental services for young children: national estimates and patterns of clinicians’ performance. Pediatrics. 2004;113:1973–1983
  18. Mangione-Smith R, DeCristofaro AH, Setodji CM, et al. The quality of ambulatory care delivered to children in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1515–1523
  19. Acton JD, Kotagal U. Improvements in healthcare: how can we change the outcome?. J Pediatr. 2005;147:279–281
  20. Szilagyi PG, Schor EL. The health of children. Health Serv Res. 1998;33:1001–1039
  21. Christakis DA, Feudtner C, Pihoker C, Connell FA. Continuity and quality of care for children with diabetes who are covered by Medicaid. Ambul Pediatr. 2001;1:99–103
  22. Finkelstein JA, Lozano P, Farber HJ, et al. Underuse of controller medications among Medicaid-insured children with asthma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:562–567
  23. Perrin JM, Hicks PJ. The future of disability in America: review of the Institute of Medicine report. Ambul Pediatr. 2008;8:71–72
  24. Horn IB, Beal AC. Child health disparities: framing a research agenda. Ambul Pediatr. 2004;4:269–275
  25. National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2006. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Web site. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr06/nhdr06.htm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  26. Kaplan SH, Greenfield S, Connolly GA, et al. Methodologic issues in the conduct and interpretation of pediatric effectiveness research. Ambul Pediatr. 2001;1:63–70
  27. Homer CJ, Szilagyi P, Rodewald L, et al. Does quality of care affect rates of hospitalization for childhood asthma?. Pediatrics. 1996;98:18–23
  28. Sung NS, Crowley WF, Genel M, et al. Central challenges facing the national clinical research enterprise. JAMA. 2003;289:1278–1287
  29. Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG, Ntzani E, Ioannidis JP. Translation of highly promising basic science research into clinical applications. Am J Med. 2003;114:477–484
  30. Lenfant C. Shattuck lecture—clinical research to clinical practice—lost in translation?. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:868–874
  31. Lee TH. Eulogy for a quality measure. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1175–1177
  32. Balas EA. From appropriate care to evidence-based medicine. Pediatr Ann. 1998;27:581–584
  33. Brownson RC, Kreuter MW, Arrington BA, True WR. Translating scientific discoveries into public health action: how can schools of public health move us forward?. Public Health Rep. 2006;121:97–103
  34. Lara M, Rosenbaum S, Rachelefsky G, et al. Improving childhood asthma outcomes in the United States: a blueprint for policy action. Pediatrics. 2002;109:919–930
  35. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1991;NIH Publication No. 91-3042
  36. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report II: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1997;NIH Publication No. 97-4051
  37. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. NAEPP Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Update on Selected Topics. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 2002;NIH Publication No. 02-5075. 2002
  38. National Institutes of Health. Workshop Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1995;NIH Publication No. 95–3659
  39. National Institutes of Health. Global Initiative for Asthma, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 2002;NIH Publication No. 02–3659
  40. Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368:733–743
  41. Halterman JS, Aligne CA, Auinger P, et al. Inadequate therapy for asthma among children in the United States. Pediatrics. 2000;105:272–276
  42. Akinbami LJ, Schoendorf KC. Trends in childhood asthma: prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality. Pediatrics. 2002;110:315–322
  43. Newacheck PW, Halfon N. Prevalence, impact, and trends in childhood disability due to asthma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:287–293
  44. Juniper EF, Guyatt GH, Feeny DH, et al. Measuring quality of life in the parents of children with asthma. Quality Life Res. 1996;5:27–34
  45. Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet. 2002;360:473–482
  46. Szatmari P. The causes of autism spectrum disorders—multiple factors have been identified, but a unifying cascade of events is still elusive. Br Med J. 2003;326:173–174
  47. Wolf CR, Smith G, Smith RL. Science, medicine, and the future—pharmacogenetics. Br Med J. 2000;320:987–990
  48. Evans WE, Relling MV. Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics. Nature. 2004;429:464–468
  49. Landrigan PJ, Kimmel CA, Correa A, Eskenazi B. Children's health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112:257–265
  50. Miller MR, Gergen P, Honour M, Zhan CL. Burden of illness for children and where we stand in measuring the quality of this health care. Ambul Pediatr. 2005;5:268–278
  51. Katon W, Russo J, Richardson L, et al. Anxiety and-depression screening for youth in a primary care population. Ambul Pediatr. 2008;8:182–188
  52. Zuckerbrot RA, Jensen PS. Improving recognition of adolescent depression in primary care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:694–704
  53. Broder KR, Cohn AC, Schwartz B, et al. Adolescent immunizations and other clinical preventive services: a needle and a hook?. Pediatrics. 2008;121:S25–S34
  54. Zhou F, Bisgard KM, Yusuf HR, et al. Impact of universal Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination starting at 2 months of age in the United States: an economic analysis. Pediatrics. 2002;110:653–661
  55. Levine OS, Cutts FT. Pneumococcal vaccination and public health. Lancet. 2007;369:1144–1145
  56. Grijalva CG, Poehling KA, Nuorti JP, et al. National impact of universal childhood immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on outpatient medical care visits in the United States. Pediatrics. 2006;118:865–873
  57. Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease—United States, 1998–2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:893–897
  58. Poehling KA, Szilagyi PG, Grijalva CG. Reduction of frequent otitis media and pressure-equalizing tube insertions in children after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 2007;119:1270]. Pediatrics. 2007;119:707
  59. Cercenado E, Cuevas O, Fenoll A, et al. Effect of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive disease produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;29:S294
  60. Ramani RR, Hall WN, Boulton M, et al. Impact of PCV7 on invasive pneumococcal disease among children younger than 5 years: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:958–959
  61. Glasgow RE, Fisher EB, Haire-Joshu D, Goldstein MG. National Institutes of Health science agenda: a public health perspective. Am J Public Health. 2007;97:1936–1938
  62. Slutsky JR. Moving closer to a rapid-learning health care system. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26:w122–w124
  63. Genel M, McCaffree MA, Hendricks K, et al. A National Agenda for America's Children and Adolescents in 2008: recommendations from the 15th Annual Public Policy Plenary Symposium, Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies, May 3, 2008. Pediatrics. 2008;122:1–6
  64. Szilagyi PG. Changing the world for children. Ambul Pediatr. 2008;8:273–278
  65. Archer SL. The making of a physician-scientist—the process has a pattern: lessons from the lives of Nobel laureates in medicine and physiology. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:510–514
  66. Pober JS, Neuhauser CS, Pober JM. Obstacles facing translational research in academic medical centers. FASEB J. 2001;15:2303–2313
  67. Phillips DF. IRBs search for answers and support during a time of institutional change. JAMA. 2000;283:729–730
  68. Stewart PM. Academic medicine: a faltering engine—action is needed to respond to growing need and opportunities. Br Med J. 2002;324:437–438
  69. Murillo H, Reece EA, Snyderman R, Sung NS. Meeting the challenges facing clinical research: solutions proposed by leaders of medical specialty and clinical research societies. Acad Med. 2006;81:107–112
  70. Feinstein AR. Basic biomedical science and the destruction of the pathophysiologic bridge from bench to bedside. Am J Med. 1999;107:461–467
  71. Woolf SH. The meaning of translational research and why it matters. JAMA. 2008;299:211–213
  72. Littman BH, Di Mario L, Plebani M, Marincola FM. What's next in translational medicine?. Clin Sci. 2007;112:217–227
  73. Dougherty D, Conway PH. The “3T's” road map to transform US health care: the “how” of high-quality care. JAMA. 2008;299:2319–2321
  74. Fiscella K, Bennett NM, Szilagyi PG. Nomenclature in translational research. JAMA. 2008;299:2148–2149
  75. Westfall JM, Mold J, Fagnan L. Practice-based research —”Blue Highways” on the NIH roadmap. JAMA. 2007;297:403–406
  76. Khoury MJ, Gwinn M, Yoon PW, et al. The continuum of translation research in genomic medicine: how can we accelerate the appropriate integration of human genome discoveries into health care and disease prevention?. Genetics Med. 2007;9:665–674
  77. Pocock SJ. Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach. Chichester. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons; 1983;
  78. Belshe RB. Translational research on vaccines: influenza as an example. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;82:745–749
  79. Olds D, Kitzman H, Cole R, et al. Long-term effects of early home visitation on mother's use of welfare and rates of subsequent births. Pediatric Res. 1996;39:645
  80. Olds D, O'Brien RA, Racine D, et al. Increasing the policy and program relevance of results from randomized trials of home visitation. J Community Psychol. 1998;26:85–100
  81. Olds D, Henderson C, Kitzman H, et al. The promise of home visitation: results of two randomized trials. J Community Psychol. 1998;26:5–21
  82. Gomby DS, Culross PL, Behrman RE. Home visiting: recent program evaluations—analysis and recommendations. Future Child. 1999;9:4–26
  83. Duncan GJ, Ludwig J, Magnuson KA. Reducing poverty through preschool interventions. Future Child. 2007;17:143–160
  84. Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. New Engl J Med. 2006;354:23–33
  85. Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Prymula R, et al. Efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in European infants: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet. 2007;370:1757–1763
  86. Immunization Action Coalition. Vaccination Information for Healthcare Professionals. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR: Recommendations and Reports. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5512a1.htm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  87. Szilagyi PG, Bordley C, Vann JC, et al. Effect of patient reminder/recall interventions on immunization rates—a review. JAMA. 2000;284:1820–1827
  88. Bordley WC, Chelminski A, Margolis PA, et al. The effect of audit and feedback on immunization delivery—a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2000;18:343–350
  89. Halterman JS, Fisher S, Conn KM, et al. Improved preventive care for asthma—a randomized trial of clinician prompting in pediatric offices. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:1018–1025
  90. Halterman JS, Szilagyi PG, Yoos HL, et al. Benefits of a school-based asthma treatment program in the absence of secondhand smoke exposure—results of a randomized clinical trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:460–467
  91. Millard MW, Johnson PT, McEwen M, et al. A randomized controlled trial using the school for anti-inflammatory therapy in asthma. J Asthma. 2003;40:769–776
  92. Gerald LB, McClure LA, Harrington KF, et al. Design of the supervised asthma therapy study: implementing an adherence intervention in urban elementary schools. Contemp Clin Trials. 2008;29:304–310
  93. Halterman JS, Borrelli B, Fisher S, et al. Improving care for urban children with asthma: design and methods of the School-Based Asthma Therapy (SBAT) trial. J Asthma. 2008;45:279–286
  94. Mathematica Policy Research I. Making a Difference in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers and Their Families: The Impacts of Early Head Start. 2002. US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.mathematica-mpr.com/publications/pdfs/ehsfinalsumm.pdf. Accessed December 9, 2008.
  95. Daley MF, Steiner JF, Kempe A, et al. Quality improvement in immunization delivery following an unsuccessful immunization recall. Ambul Pediatr. 2004;4:217–223
  96. Daley MF, Barrow J, Stevenson JM, et al. Missed opportunities for influenza immunization in children with chronic medical conditions. Pediatric Res. 2004;55:211A
  97. Szilagyi PG, Rodewald LE, Humiston SG, et al. Reducing missed opportunities to immunize—easier said than done. Pediatric Res. 1995;37:A145
  98. Brown R, Bratton SL, Cabana MD, et al. Physician asthma education program improves outcomes for children of low-income families. Chest. 2004;126:369–374
  99. Cabana MD, Slish KK, Evans D, et al. Impact of physician asthma care education on patient outcomes. Pediatrics. 2006;117:2149–2157
  100. Szilagyi PG, Shone LP, Klein JD, et al. Improved health care among children with special health care needs after enrollment into the State Children's Health Insurance Program. Ambul Pediatr. 2007;7:10–17
  101. Szilagyi PG, Dick AW, Klein JD, et al. Improved access and quality of care after enrollment in the New York State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Pediatrics. 2004;113:E395–E404
  102. Irigoyen M, Findley S, Wang DW, et al. Effectiveness of a private immunization registry reminder-recall intervention in inner city practices. Pediatric Res. 2002;51:163A
  103. Szilagyi PG, Schaffer S, Shone L, et al. Reducing geographic, racial, and ethnic disparities in childhood immunization rates by using reminder/recall interventions in urban primary care practices. Pediatrics. 2002;110:e58
  104. Iwane MK, Edwards KM, Szilagyi PG, et al. Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children. Pediatrics. 2004;113:1758–1764
  105. Poehling KA, Edwards KM, Weinberg GA, et al. The underrecognized burden of influenza in young children. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:31–40
  106. Rosen CM, Rodriguez L. The Inner-City Asthma Intervention asthma counselor program: a collaborative model between physician and social worker to help empower families. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;97:S16–S19
  107. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Asthma: a Concern for Minority Populations. Bethesda, Md: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; 1996;
  108. Clinical and translational science awards. National Center for Research Resources Web site. Available at: http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/clinical_research_resources/clinical_and_translational_science_awards/. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  109. Legislative updates. Office of Legislative Policy and Analysis Web site. Available at: http://olpa.od.nih.gov/legislation/109/publiclaws/reformact06.asp. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  110. Clinical and Translational Science Awards. Available at: http://www.ctsaweb.org. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  111. Moses H, Dorsey ER, Matheson DH, Thier SO. Financial anatomy of biomedical research. JAMA. 2005;294:1333–1342
  112. Rosenthal MB, Berndt ER, Donohue JM, et al. Promotion of prescription drugs to consumers. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:498–505
  113. Budget estimates for appropriations committees, fiscal year (FY. 2008: performance budget submission for congressional justifications. Performance budget overview 2008. AHRQ Website. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/about/cj2008/cjweb08.htm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  114. Overview of AHRQ Budget. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Web site. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/about/cj2009/cjweb09a.htm#Overview. Accessed August 21, 2008.
  115. Thomas P, Griffiths F, Kai A. O'Dwyer A. Networks for research in primary health care. Br Med J. 2001;322:588–590
  116. Green LA, Fryer GE, Froom P, et al. Opportunities, challenges, and lessons of international research in practice-based research networks: the case of an international study of acute otitis media. Ann Fam Med. 2004;2:429–433
  117. Estimates of funding for various diseases, conditions, research areas. National Institutes of Health Web site. Available at: http://www.nih.gov/news/fundingresearchareas.htm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  118. Seid M, Schultz D, McClure J, Stoto, MA. Evaluation of AHRQ's Children's Health Activities. 2006. AHRQ Publication No. 08-M013-EF; 2007.
  119. Graham ID, Tetroe J. Some theoretical underpinnings of knowledge translation. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:936–941
  120. Tetroe JM, Graham ID, Foy R, et al. Health research funding agencies’ support and promotion of knowledge translation: an international study. Milbank Q. 2008;86:125–155
  121. Graham ID, Tetroe J. Nomenclature in translational research. JAMA. 2008;299:2149
  122. Franks P, Fiscella K. Reducing disparities downstream: prospects and challenges. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23:672–677
  123. Brooks-Gunn J, Duncan GJ. The effects of poverty on children. Future Child. 1997;7:55–71
  124. Szilagyi PG. Care of children with special health care needs. Future Child. 2003;13:137–151
  125. PROS: Pediatric research in office settings. American Academy of Pediatrics Web site. Available at: http://www.aap.org/pros/. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  126. CORNET: Continuity Research Network. Available at: http://www.ambpeds.org/Site/publications/2005AnnualReport/2005Research.htm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  127. Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Available at: http://www.pecarn.org/. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  128. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Available at: http://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/supported/nrn.cfm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  129. NICHD Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Res Network (CPCCRN). Available at: http://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/supported/cpccrn.cfm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  130. PRIS: Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings. Available at: http://www.ambpeds.org/Site/research/research_PRIS.htm. Accessed August 28, 2008.
  131. Heckman JJ, Krueger AB. Inequality in America: What Role for Human Capital Policies? Benjamin M. Friedman BM, eds. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press; 2005.
  132. Felitti VJ. The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult health: turning gold into lead. Z Psychosom Med Psychother. 2002;48:359–369
  133. Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, et al. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood—a convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;256:174–186
  134. Sectish TC, Bartholomew JM, Slaw KM. The Federation of Pediatric Organizations strategic plan: six strategic initiatives to enhance child health. J Pediatrics. 2008;152:745–746

PII: S1876-2859(08)00262-3

doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2008.11.002

Academic Pediatrics
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 71-80 , March 2009