Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive epidemiological profile
detailing food allergy (FA) prevalence and related correlates among Medicaid-enrolled
children.
Methods
The 2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract person-level 100% files for 50 states and the District
of Columbia were analyzed. The analytic sample of 23,825,160 included all children
ages 0 to 19 years as of January 1, 2012 who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid
in 2012. The prevalence of FA was measured using International Classification of Diseases,
Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and compared with other atopic conditions
(atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma). Logistic regression was used to
evaluate child characteristics associated with FA.
Results
The prevalence of FA among Medicaid-enrolled children was less than 1% (0.6%). State-level
prevalence ranged from a high of 1.4% in Alaska to a low of 0.2% in Nevada. Race and
ethnicity were associated with FA such that Asian, Black, and Pacific Islander/Native
Hawaiian children had a higher odds of FA, while Hispanic and Native American children
had 15% and 24% lower odds of FA, respectively, compared with White children.
Conclusions
Compared with estimates of parent-reported, physician-diagnosed FA in the general
population, the claims-based prevalence of FA among Medicaid-enrolled children is
substantially lower. Racial and ethnic differences are consistent with the general
population. The findings signal a need to better understand reasons for these differences
including awareness, access to care, and service utilization patterns in this population.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 18, 2020
Accepted:
March 12,
2020
Received:
August 27,
2019
Footnotes
Conflict of Interest: Dr Gupta has received research grant support from The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Stanford Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE), UnitedHealth Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genentech, and the National Confectioners Association (NCA); and has served as a medical consultant/advisor for Aimmune Therapeutics, Before Brands, Kaléo, Genentech, Food Allergy Research and Education, Allergenis, DOTS Technology, and DBV Technologies. Dr Bilaver has received research grant support from The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rho Inc, HRSA, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE) Genentech, National Confectioners Association, Before Brands Inc.
The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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