Abstract
Background
There is a well-documented gap between the need for and availability of mental health
services for children nationwide. To address this gap, over 30 regional Child Psychiatry
Access Programs (CPAPs) provide psychiatric consultation and other services to primary
care providers.
Objective
Summarize the methods used to evaluate CPAPs in the United States.
Data Sources
PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and reference checking.
Study Appraisal Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted searching 3 databases. The search produced
307 unique articles, 278 were excluded for irrelevance, leaving 29 for data extraction.
Data extracted included author(s), publication year, provider types, CPAP formats,
study sample, design, outcomes examined, results, and limitations. Articles were also
appraised for quality using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Evidence
Level and Quality Guide.
Results
The 29 articles evaluated 13 unique CPAPs. Most evaluations used nonexperimental observational
designs (68.9%), 6.9% used quasi-experimental designs, and none used true experimental
designs. Evaluations examined the following outcomes: usage of program services (82.8%),
provider satisfaction (48.3%), provider comfort/confidence with managing mental health
concerns (31.0%), provider practice change (24.1%), patient outcomes (13.7%), and
family satisfaction (6.9%). Outcomes were measured using surveys, qualitative interviews,
or insurance claims data.
Limitations
Review was limited to articles published in English in 3 databases or identified by
reference checking.
Conclusions
Evaluations of CPAPs have largely been descriptive in nature, focusing primarily on
program usage and provider satisfaction. Few studies have examined the impact of CPAPs
on patients, families, or health systems. Future studies should evaluate the broader
impacts of CPAPs.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 13, 2020
Accepted:
July 12,
2020
Received:
December 13,
2019
Footnotes
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Identification
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 by Academic Pediatric Association
