Abstract
Background
We sought to develop and validate age-specific instruments for measuring early childhood
resilience at ages 3, 5 and 8 in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study, a national longitudinal
study.
Methods
Using data from 18,553 mother-infant pairs, we conducted exploratory factor analysis
(EFA) on a simple random half of our sample. We then used the remaining half of these
data for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to further assess the fit of three CFA
models (i.e., first-order, second-order, and bifactor). Psychometric properties, distributions,
and inter-item and inter-factor correlations of each instrument were also evaluated.
Results
EFA and CFA showed that the bifactor model of resilience (which included a general
resilience factor and five specific factors) had the best fit for all three resilience
scales, with 19 items at year 3, 18 items at year 5, and 19 items at year 8. All three
resilience scales showed good psychometric properties, including construct validity,
internal consistency, and normal distributions. For predictive validity, we found
that in the face of adversity (measured by the High Risk Family Score), individuals
with high resilience scores at age 3 had better general health scores at ages 3, 5,
and 8 compared to those with low resilience scores.
Conclusions
We describe the development and validation of age-appropriate survey instruments to
assess resilience in young children at the population level. These instruments can
be used to better understand how resilience can impact child health over time, and
to identify key factors that can foster resilience.
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Accepted:
June 5,
2022
Received:
October 19,
2021
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofFootnotes
Funding: This study was supported by the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan (DOH96-HP-1702, DOH99-HP-1702, and DOH102-HP-1701). The funders had no involvement in the study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and in the writing, preparation, or submission of this manuscript for publication.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Academic Pediatric Association
