Abstract
Objective
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Keywords
Abbreviations:
COI (Child Opportunity Index), ED (emergency department), ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan), CCC (complex chronic conditions), OR (odds ratio), aOR (adjusted odds ratio), NH (Non-Hispanic), Ref (reference category), CI (confidence interval)Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Academic PediatricsReferences
- The influence of the neighborhood physical environment on early child health and development: A review and call for research.Health Place. 2015; 33: 25-36
- Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States: a systematic review of study characteristics.Soc Sci Med. 2016; 168: 16-29
Noelke C, Mcardle N, Baek M, et al. Child Opportunity Index 2.0 Technical Documentation Child Opportunity Index 2.0 Technical Documentation. Retrieved from diversitydatakids.org/research-library/research-brief/how-we-built-it.
- The child opportunity index and disparities in pediatric asthma hospitalizations across one Ohio metropolitan area, 2011-2013.J Pediatr. 2017; 190: 200-206
- The child opportunity index 2.0 and hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions.Pediatrics. 2021; 148
- The Child Opportunity Index and Pediatric Emergency Medical Services Utilization.Prehospital Emerg Care. 2022; (just-accepted): 1-13
- Neighborhood child opportunity and individual-level pediatric acute care use and diagnoses.Pediatrics. 2018; 141
- Distribution of Emergency Department Encounters and Subsequent Hospital Admissions for Children by Child Opportunity Index.Acad Pediatr. 2022; (Published online)
- Hospitalizations at United States children's hospitals and severity of illness by Neighborhood Child Opportunity Index.J Pediatr. 2022; (Published online)
Akande M, Ramgopal S, Graham RJ, Goodman DM, Heneghan JA. Child Opportunity Index and Emergent PICU Readmissions: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study of 43 United States hospitals. Pediatr Crit Care Med. ((in press)).
- Child mortality in the US and 19 OECD comparator nations: a 50-year time-trend analysis.Health Aff. 2018; 37: 140-149
- Infant and youth mortality trends by race/ethnicity and cause of death in the United States.JAMA Pediatr. 2018; 172 (e183317-e183317)
- Widening socioeconomic disparities in US childhood mortality, 1969–2000.Am J Public Health. 2007; 97: 1658-1665
- Declining child mortality and continuing racial disparities in the era of the Medicaid and SCHIP insurance coverage expansions.Am J Public Health. 2010; 100: 2500-2506
Noelke C, Ressler RW, Mcardle N, Hardy E, Acevedo-Garcia D. COI 2.0 ZIP CODE data.
- Declines in pediatric mortality fall short for rural US children.Health Aff. 2019; 38: 2069-2076
Health Resources & Services Administration. Defining Rural Population. Accessed December 20, 2022. https://www.hrsa.gov/rural-health/about-us/what-is-rural
- The concept of race in research: Using composite variables.Ethn Dis. 2007; 17: 560-567
- Increased rates of morbidity, mortality, and charges for hospitalized children with public or no health insurance as compared with children with private insurance in Colorado and the United States.Pediatrics. 2006; 118: 577-585
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Underlying Cause of Death, 1999-2020 Request. Published 2021. Accessed February 6, 2022. https://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html
- Pediatric deaths attributable to complex chronic conditions: A population-based study of Washington State, 1980-1997.Pediatrics. 2000; 106: 205-209
- Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: Updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation.BMC Pediatr. 2014; 14https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-199
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Publications and Information Products from the National Center for Health Statistics. Published 2018. Accessed December 20, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/index.htm
National Center for Health Statistics. ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding FY 2021. Accessed December 20, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/icd/10cmguidelines-FY2021.pdf
Annest JL, Hedegaard H, Chen LH, Warner M, Smalls EA. Proposed framework for presenting injury data using ICD-10-CM external cause of injury codes.
- Classifying external causes of injury: history, current approaches, and future directions.Epidemiol Rev. 2012; 34: 4-16
- Pediatric Clinical Classification System for Use in Inpatient Settings.JAMA Pediatr. 2021; 1: 525-527
- Deaths attributed to pediatric complex chronic conditions: national trends and implications for supportive care services.Pediatrics. 2001; 107https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.6.e99
Noelke C, Noelke C, Mcardle N, et al. Child Opportunity Index 2.0. Published online 2020.
- Child Opportunity Index and Changes in Pediatric Acute Care Utilization in the COVID-19 Pandemic.Pediatrics. 2022; (Published online)
- Disparities in pediatric mortality by neighborhood income in United States emergency departments.J Pediatr. 2020; 219: 209-215
- Toxic exposure in America: Estimating fetal and infant health outcomes from 14 years of TRI reporting.J Health Econ. 2010; 29: 557-574
- Lower socioeconomic factors are associated with higher mortality in patients with septic shock.Hear Lung. 2021; 50: 477-480
- Racial And Ethnic Inequities In Children's Neighborhoods: Evidence From The New Child Opportunity Index 2.0: Study uses the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 to examine geographic and racial/ethnic inequities children are exposed to in the one hundred largest m.Health Aff. 2020; 39: 1693-1701
- ZIP-code-based versus tract-based income measures as long-term risk-adjusted mortality predictors.Am J Epidemiol. 2006; 164: 586-590
Article info
Publication history
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofFootnotes
Financial Disclosures: The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose.